This report summarizes the major findings and implications of a three-year study on the factors related to hunting and fishing participation in the United States. There were five phases to the project: 1) a comprehensive literature review, 2) a series of eight focus groups with active hunters, inactive hunters, and non- hunters, and a series of five focus groups with active and inactive anglers, 3) a multivariate analysis comparing screener data from the 1980, 1985 and 1991 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting and Wildlife-Associated Recreation, 4) a nationwide telephone survey of the general population, active hunters, inactive hunters, and active anglers and inactive anglers, and 5) this final report summarizing the results and implications of the study. A complete methodology for all phases is presented in Appendix A of this report.