Data from 13 European countries, 50 states in the United States, and 6 Canadian provinces/territories were used to examine the relationship of aggregate level variables on female participation in hunting. Overall, 8% of the hunters were female. The analysis showed a strong positive influence of the proportion of male hunters in society on female hunting participation. This key role of males is consistent with previous individual-level studies of female participation. A greater proportion of females hunted in states and countries with larger areas. The influences of the proportion of the population living in rural areas and population density appeared to be largely mediated by the percentage of male hunters. In the United States we found more female hunters in states with lower levels of income and lower levels of female education although this was not the case in Europe. A decline in male participation will be likely to affect female participation as there are fewer males to socialize them into hunting.