Declines in hunting participation are of concern to wildlife agencies and their ability to fund and manage wildlife populations as well as sustain local hunting traditions. To understand declines in participation, it is important to understand current
hunters’ perceptions of barriers and constraints that could lead to hunting desertion. This study examined hunting participation with respect to hunters’ overall perceptions of constraints, hunting participation intensity rates,demographics, and social-psychological data. In addition,differences between male and female hunters were examined to determine whether constraints varied based on hunting intensity rates that differ by gender.